Analisis Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Brasil Era Bolsonaro-Lula Da Silva

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the changes in Brazil’s foreign policy toward multilateral cooperation from the administration of Jair Bolsonaro (2019–2022) to that of Lula da Silva (2023–2025) using the Comparative Foreign Policy (CFP) approach. This period demonstrates a fundamental shift in Brazil’s diplomatic orientation, from a nationalist approach skeptical of multilateralism toward a more inclusive, progressive, and cooperation-driven global policy. Under Bolsonaro, foreign policy experienced a decline in international engagement, marked by Brazil’s withdrawal from several regional forums such as UNASUR and CELAC, as well as weakened commitments to environmental and human rights issues. Conversely, during Lula da Silva’s administration, Brazil reaffirmed its leadership on the international stage through the reactivation of multilateral platforms such as CELAC and BRICS, the strengthening of its role in the G20, and renewed commitments to sustainable development and social justice. The findings indicate that ideological factors, political leadership, and domestic dynamics strongly influence the changes in Brazil’s diplomatic behavior. Lula restored the country’s image as an active and constructive global actor, while policy continuity in areas such as OECD accession reflects strategic consistency amid political shifts. These findings underscore that international reputation and diplomatic legitimacy cannot be separated from domestic policy coherence, particularly in the areas of environmental governance and state administration. This study contributes to strengthening theoretical understanding of the relationship between regime change, political ideology, and multilateral behavior within contemporary foreign policy studies.

Keywords: Brazil, Multilateralism, Comparative Foreign Policy, Foreign Policy.